Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), commonly known as heart bypass surgery, is a surgical treatment used to improve blood flow to the heart when coronary arteries become severely narrowed or blocked. During the procedure, a healthy blood vessel is used to create a new route around the blocked artery. For

An Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) is a small device implanted in the chest to continuously monitor the heart’s rhythm. It can detect certain dangerous fast heart rhythms and deliver electrical therapy when required. Unlike a conventional pacemaker, an ICD is primarily designed to protect against potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. ICD therapy

A permanent pacemaker is a small electronic device used to help maintain an appropriate heart rate when the heart beats too slowly or its electrical system does not function properly. The device sends electrical impulses to the heart when needed, helping maintain a regular rhythm.   Pacemaker implantation is generally

Catheter ablation is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain abnormal heart rhythms, also known as arrhythmias. It works by identifying the area of the heart responsible for the abnormal electrical signals and treating that tissue through a specialized catheter. It may be considered for selected patients with Atrial

A Diagnostic Electrophysiology Study (EPS) is a specialized cardiac test used to investigate abnormal heart rhythms and problems with the heart’s electrical system. Unlike a routine ECG, EPS records electrical signals directly from inside the heart using thin electrode catheters. The test can help identify the source of certain arrhythmias

Peripheral angiography is a minimally invasive imaging procedure used to examine blood flow through the arteries and veins outside the heart, particularly those supplying the legs. It can help identify narrowing, blockages, or other abnormalities affecting circulation. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) is a condition in which a blood clot develops

Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) intervention is an advanced coronary procedure used to treat a coronary artery that has been completely blocked for a long period, generally three months or more. A chronic total blockage can reduce blood flow to the heart and may cause symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness,

Coronary angiography is a specialized diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the condition of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. It helps identify blockages, narrowing, or abnormalities that may lead to chest pain, heart attacks, or coronary artery disease. Dr. Manish Juneja, one of the leading interventional  cardiologists

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio (iFR) are advanced diagnostic techniques used during coronary angiography to assess the severity of coronary artery blockages and determine whether a patient requires angioplasty or stent placement.   These specialized procedures help cardiologists measure blood flow within the coronary arteries and identify

Coronary angiography is a specialized diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the condition of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. It helps identify blockages, narrowing, or abnormalities that may lead to chest pain, heart attacks, or coronary artery disease.Dr. Manish Juneja, one of the leading interventional  cardiologists in

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a modern diagnostic test used to measure blood pressure continuously over a 24-hour period while the patient carries out regular daily activities. The ABPM test full form is Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Unlike a single blood pressure reading taken in a clinic, an ABPM

Holter monitoring (24–72 hr) and event recorder tests are advanced cardiac diagnostic procedures used to continuously monitor and record the heart’s electrical activity over an extended period. Unlike a standard ECG, which records heart activity for only a few seconds, Holter monitoring provides continuous ECG recording for 24 to 72